The Concept of the Eco-city

The Concept of the Eco-city The next new wave in city planning is Eco-City in response to global climate changes crisis. It is a relatively new concept, combining together ideas from several disciplines such as urban design, urban planning, transportation, health, housing, energy, economic development, natural habitats, public participation, and social justice (Register 1994). In simple word, Eco-city is settlement where it allows the citizen to live and work using minimum resources. As cities continue to grow and population increase rapidly, the needs for sustainable form of development become increasing urgent. The search for appropriate solution and to create more sustainable cities has become the main concerns of designer, policy makers and environmental groups. The locations, types of buildings and infrastructure have direct impacts on its environment, economy and society. As city continue to grow and alters over a periods of time, it is difficult to change after inhabitation and construction. So, designers are trying to avoid that problems and prefer a new, master planned eco-cities. They argue that new eco-cities can fully integrate sustainable concepts of urban planning principle to create sustainable living environment as we go along with retrofitting existing cities. The master plan eco-city will be built using all the latest green technologies. But there people who oppose eco-city concept and called it a utopian city. But is eco-city really feasible or is it utopian concept? To fully understand, origin of eco-city concept will be analysed. Eco-city originated in 1975 when Richard register and few friends founded Urban Ecology in Berkeley, California, as Non-profit organisation to make built our cities in balance with nature. According to Register (1994), the purpose of urban ecology was to build in Berkeley a slow street which is to have many trees along road, solar green houses, energy ordinance, establish good and efficient public transport, promoting pedestrainization as alternative to automobile, holding regular conference meeting with different stake holder. But it was until the publications of Registers visionary new book called Eco-city Berkeley in 1987, that the urban ecology gained momentum (Roseland, 2001). And the organisations new journal called The Urban Ecologist. The organisation held First International Eco-City Conference, in Berkeley in 1990 and ever since it held conference every year inviting people from around the world to discuss urban problems and to submit proposal for designing our cities based on ecological principles. In 1992, David Engwicht, an Australian community activist, published Towards an Eco-City, in which he talks about how city planners and engineers have virtually eliminated effective human interaction by buildings more roads, shopping malls, gutting communities and increasing dense traffic. For Engwicht, a city is a place for inventions of maximizing exchanging and having minimized travel distance. The book was later reissued in North America as Reclaiming Our Cities and Towns (1993). Engwicht talks about how city planners and engineers have eliminated effective human exchange by building more roads, taking commerce out of the cities into strip malls, gutting communities, and increasing traffic fatalities. A city is an invention for maximizing exchange and minimizing travel (Engwicht, 1993). He advocates eco-city where there is transaction of all sorts of goods, money, ideas, emotions, genetic material, etc and where people move freely via foot, bicycles, and mass transit and interact freely without fear of traffic and pollutions. But it was until the 1960s, the use of fossil fuels, chemically controlled agriculture, deforestation and depletion of marine resources was thought to be not in dangers. In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission), released a summary report called our Common Future which cause widespread concerns on world deepening environmental degradation(WCED 1987). And this pushed sustainable development on the forefront. Various industries and sector are also going for sustainable development. The issue of sustainable planning is also a concern for planner, urban designer, construction industries, development authority and the population at large. Register, Engwicht and Urban Ecology certainly deserve credit for popularizing the term eco-city in the last decade, but the eco-city concept is strongly influenced by other movements as well(Roseland, 2001). The mission of Urban Ecology is to create ecological cities based on the following 10 principles (Urban Ecology 1996): Revise land-use priorities to create compact, diverse, green, safe, pleasant, and vital mixed-use communities near transit nodes and other transportation facilities. Revise transportation priorities to favour foot, bicycle, cart, and transit over autos, and to emphasize access by proximity. Restore damaged urban environments, especially creeks, shore lines, ridgelines, and wetlands. Create decent, affordable, safe, convenient, and racially and economically mixed housing. Nurture social justice and create improved opportunities for women, people of color, and the disabled. Support local agriculture, urban greening projects, and community gardening. Promote recycling, innovative appropriate technology, and resource conservation while reducing pollution and hazardous wastes. Work with businesses to support ecologically sound economic activity while discouraging pollution, waste, and the use and production of hazardous materials. Promote voluntary simplicity and discourage excessive consumption of material goods. Increase awareness of the local environment and bioregion through activist and educational projects that increase public awareness of ecological sustainability issues. The practical application of these principles has not been really encouraging for many years until literature that promotes the ideas began to appear. It appears in different terminology as per the orientations of the authors. The Authors include Designers, Practitioners, Visionaries and Activists, and the terminology includes everything from neotraditional town planning, pedestrian pockets, reurbanization, post-industrial suburbs, sustainable cities, green cities and eco-communities. Although, the authors orientation has discernible differences in analysis, emphasis, and strategy between the variations as shown in table-1, the eco-city theme can encompass any and all of them. The term eco-city can be applied to existing eco-city or master plan eco-city as affirm by Registers when he explains that there are two ways to go about building eco-cities: changing existing towns or building new ones (Register 1987 ). Citizen organizations and municipal officials in cities and towns around the world have recently started experimenting on this eco-city concept to meet the social and environmental challenges (Roseland 1997, 1998). There is a urgent realization that Urban planning is a significant management tool for dealing with the sustainable urbanization challenges facing 21st century cities. Many cities has applied eco-city planning concept although most of them in small scale. Chattanooga and the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S., Ottawa, Hamilton-Wentworth, and Greater Toronto in Canada, and Curitiba in Brazil are some of the earliest cities where this concept has been successfully applied. Curitiba, a small Brazilian city, is one of the most sustainable cities in the world. It has received international recognition for its integrated transportation and land-use planning, and for its waste management programs. The citys success is due to strong leadership-city officials who focused on simple, flexible, and affordable solutions. Throughout the project, the government conducted regular meeting with citizen so that citizen are involved in the process (Rabinovitch 1996). Emboldened by the success of the above projects, Designer and local government are planning for massive overhaul of traditional way of city planning. They are looking at a way to plan new cities incorporating the entire above concept. China, one of the world most populous countries in the world, faced massive environmental problem. It has emerged as major industrial power but at a great cost. The environment degradation is so severe that it is a cause for concern in china and could have international repercussions. Since pollution know no boundaries. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides produce by Chinas coal-fired power plants fall as acid rain on Seoul, South Korea, and Tokyo. Suspended particulate over Los Angeles city originates in China, according to the Journal of Geophysical Research (Kahn and Yardley 2007). The Shanghai Industrial Investment Corporation (SIIC) hired Arup in 2005, to design a city which would exclusively use sustainable energy (solar panels, wind turbines and bio-fuels), self-sufficient and reduce energy consumption by 66% in comparision to Shanghai. The eco-city of Dongtan, which is be located on the island of Chongming, not far from Shanghai will be one of the world largest eco-city to provide housing for 500,000 people from rural areas. The Dongtan city will cover about 8,800 hectares which is roughly equal to the size of Manhattan Island. Dongtan will have ecological footprint of 2.2 ha per person by means of a combination of behaviour change and energy efficiency which is very close to limit of sustainability of 1.9 ha set forth by World Wide Fund for Nature. China is also partnering with Singapore to build eco-city in Tianjin based on three harmonies principles which are people-people, people-environment and people-economy(Quek 2008) . The 30-square-kilometer site is a wasted land and water scarcity area which will be built over a period of 15 years at a cost of around 50 billion yuan (S$10 billion). The criteria for selection of site are that it should be wasted land and water scarce area. First, restoring the jiyun river will be top priority for propose new city of 350,000. Renewable energy like solar and wind power, rainwater harvesting, wastewater treatment and desalination of sea water are some of the proposal. United Arab Emirates has planned to build the worlds most sustainable city, called Masdar City, initiatives of Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company. It is an ambitious project which will cost $22 billion to build a new, zero-emissions city for 50,000 residents in Abu Dhabi. The project is launched in 2007 and is designed by British firm Foster + Partners. The propose new city will have new university, the Headquarters for Abu Dhabis Future Energy Company, special economic zones and an Innovation Center. According to the designer, Masdar eco-city is to be constructed in an energy efficient way that depends on large photovoltaic power plant to meet energy needs, which shall be for 2nd phase of the city expansion. The city is a car free, with a maximum walking distance of 200m to the nearest transport link and amenities. The streets are compact to encourage walking and are complemented by a personalised rapid transport system. Due to it compactness, the walkway and streets are shaded creatin g a pedestrian-friendly environment. The city will have wind, photovoltaic farms, research fields and plantations, so that it is entirely self-sustaining. Masdar City will be built in seven phases, the first of which is the Masdar Institute, which is set to be completed in 2010. The citys phases will be progressively built over the next decade with the first phase reaching completion in 2013(Foster and Partner). The idea of a city without any waste, landfill, car, self contained or without any carbon emission seem very desirable for a city but for some sceptic it a utopian dream which will never materialise. Sceptics are questioning whether totally designing a new city is possible incorporating all the eco-city concepts due to time and cost involved. The main weakness for master plan eco-city is the large inputs of energy required to construct an entire, functional city as a long continuous project. They are concern that it might just be a strategy used to shield from environmental criticism while countries like China and UAE continue to grow along the same unsustainable path. However, countries like China and UAE are in a position to fund such kind of projects and if it is successful it will create a precedent for other parts of the world as well. Unfortunately, Dongtan eco-city never materialise. Although, the highest echelon in Chinese official expresses has shown keen interest in the project, the first phase of construction which is to be ready for Shanghai expo 2010 has not even started. The Dongtan eco-city in spite of being a government endeavour has failed to materialise. The Mayor of Shanghai has been sentence to 18 years jail term on corruption charges and abuse of power in 2008(Larson 2009). Sceptics of eco-city are saying that policy makers in China misuse the term of eco-city, to reduce criticism of chinas poor environment records without having any real commitment to the idea. As for Masdar eco-city, work has already started for phase 1. However, sceptics are concern that it might be just an isolated green in the desert where the rest of UAE proceed in the same line of big ecological footprint which is even bigger than United State. They are also apprehensive about the embodied energy used in buildings and infrastructure which are very high. The heavy dependent on technology for personal rapid transport and infrastructure is another issue. Since the technology for personal rapid transport is not fully developed and co-ordinating infrastructure with different agencies is difficult. The concept of building a city from a scratch or retrofitting existing building or redeveloping existing city are some of the burning issues. Designing a new city from scratch permits a greater comprehensive, whole systems approach, and more degrees of freedom than adaptation of an existing city( Fox 2008). On the other hand, the resources and energy needed for new construction of a city will be far greater than redeveloping an existing city. However, the beliefs and movement toward eco-cities has spread worldwide and has taken strong hold among planner. In spite of setback for some project, eco-city has will be main driving force for today cities and tomorrow cities. Eco-cities can be built on existing eco-cities or new master plan eco-city. Most propose master plan eco-city is to be developed in several stages in the next fifteen to forty years. Some of the relevant issue for Eco-city planning concept for developing new city or adapting for existing cities are as follow: Eco-city is based on holistic approach. This integrated approach is hindered by fragmented administrative structures, political rivalries and a disregard for citizen expertise. As in Dongtan case, the surrounding inhabitants are not even consulted and not aware of the projects. Eco-city concept is not really encouraged by policy makers and planner as there are suspicious of the intention as it involve alternative ways of decision-making (e.g. community involvement), the implementation of new technologies (e.g. like Personal rapid transit for Masdar or energy generation ) and new organisational solutions (e.g. multiple use). The additional costs involved and loss of influence are some of their main concerns. Eco-city concept may fail due to lack of political will and commitments on the part of everyone involved. The Initial investments are very high compared to traditional approach to planning which can scarce potential investor. Nevertheless, for successful implementation of eco-city, commitment from individual or Party involved is paramount. Vision, ambition and thinking big in long term are some of the necessary requirement. Besides, there has to be free flow of information and trust between the policy maker and non-policy maker. There has to be creation of win-win situation for everyone to make it successful. There has to be compromise in difference of opinion and unity of alliance. A series of challenges exist for developing cities in many part of the world, particularly in developing countries where rapid economic development will put pressure on cities to accommodate rising population and more infrastructures. It is the place where next megacities are coming up. The designer, public policy maker are committed to developing eco-cities and other types of sustainable communities in the face of climate change, environmental pollution, water shortage, and energy demand. Today utopias vision can become tomorrow reality. Many of the sustainable city emphasize on compact land use, clean transport, waste management, renewable energy( wind turbines and solar energy). Most of eco-city plans are huge and need long term investments. But should we turn away from utopian visions they provoke? Planning completely new cities is expensive, and it is not possible to build all new cities. However, we can strive to improve existing cities when there is an abundance of already established cities and urban areas. In my opinion, I think we should embrace them and work towards searching for improving them. Perhaps, the scales of new master eco-city project need to be smaller so as to have short construction time and less costly. Someday the impressive catchphrases, such as carbon-neutral, zero-waste, and car-free for a city might be reality. References Daly,H. 1973. Toward a Steady-State Economy, Freeman, San Francisco (1973). McDonnell,M.J., Hahs, A.K., Breuste, J.H. 2009, Ecology of a cities and towns: A comparative approach. Cambridge University Press 2009. Rabinovitch, J. 1996. Integrated transportation and land use planning channel Curitibas growth. In World Resources Institute, United Nations Environment Program, United Nations Development Program, The World Bank, World Resources 1996-97: The Urban Environment. New York: Oxford University Press. Roseland, M., 2001, The eco-city approach to sustainable development in urban areas. In: Devuyst D, Hens L, De Lannoy W (eds). How green is the city? Sustainability assessment and the management of urban environments. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 85-104. Register, R. 1987. Eco-City Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books. Register, R. 1994. Eco-cities: Rebuilding civilization, restoring nature. In D. Aberley, ed., Futures By Design: The Practice of Ecological Planning. Gabriola Island, B.C.: New Society Publishers. Roseland, M. 1995. Sustainable communities: An examination of the literature. In Sustainable Communities Resource Package. Toronto: Ontario Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Roseland, M. 1997. Dimensions of the eco-city. CITIES: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning 14,4: 197-202. Roseland, M., ed. 1997. Eco-City Dimensions: Healthy Communities, Healthy Planet. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers. Roseland, M. 1998. Toward Sustainable Communities, Resources Roseland, M., Sustainable Community Development: Integrating Environmental, Economic, and Social Objectives, Progress in Planning, Volume 54 (2), October 2000, pp. 73-132. Roseland,M., Dimension of the eco-city, Cities, Volume 14, Issue 4, August 1997, Pages 197-202 Resilience Alliance (2007) A research prospectus for urban resilience. A resilience alliance initiative for transitioning urban systems towards sustainable futures. Available at http://www. resalliance.org/files/1172764197_urbanresilienceresearchprospe ctusv7feb07.pdf accessed on 29 March 2010 Kenworthy, J.R., The eco-city: ten key transport and planning dimensions for sustainable city development, Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 18, No. 1, 67-85 (2006) World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future. , Oxford University Press, New York (1987). Dongtan, An Eco-City, edited by Zhao Yan, Herbert Girardet, et was published by Arup and SIIC in February 2006. UN HABITAT, Planning Sustainable Cities: Policy directions. Global Report on Human Settlements 2009. Abridged edition. Gutenberg Press, Malta. Available from http://www.unhabitat.org/grhs/2009. Accessed on 2 march 2010 Kahn, J and Yardley, J. As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes. The New York Times. August 26, 2007. Available on http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/world/asia/26china.html Accessed on 27 march 2010 Dongtan: The worlds first large-scale eco-city? Available on http://sustainablecities.dk/en/city-projects/cases/dongtan-the-world-s-first-large-scale-eco-city Quek, Tracy, Spore, China break ground , straits times, China Correspondent. Sep 29, 2008. http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_283867.html. Accessed on 27 march 2010 Larson, Christina. Chinas Grand Plans for Eco-Cities Now Lie Abandoned. Yale e360. 06 Apr 2009. Available on http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2138. Accessed on 28 march 2010 Fox, Jesse. Ecocities of Tomorrow: Can Foster + Partners Masdar City in the U.A.E. be Truly sustainable?. Treehugger. March 4, 2008. Available on http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/03/masdar-roundtable.php. Accessed on 29 march 2010 Richard Register Author, theorist, philosopher and 35 year veteran of the ecocity movement. Founder of Ecocity Builders and Urban Ecology, and author of Ecocities: Rebuilding Cities in Balance with Nature.

Elementary Teachers Essay

Did you know that teachers take on the role of mothers, fathers, friend, adviser, psychologist, and nurse? Teachers are the keys to every door of success. Elementary teachers, however, builds the foundation for the home of your dreams. Most people believe and view elementary teachers as â€Å"babysitters† and â€Å"caregivers,† but truth be told, they are truly God sent heroes dressed in suits that walks around with an extra arm and leg making the world a better place. They are not people that you send your children to just so you can have a break at home. It is a disgrace that parents’ have that mentality and modern parents’ continues to think so. Many do not understand the sacrifices and hard work it takes to mentally raise not one, not two, not three, but hundreds of children. Three very important things you need to know about elementary education are as follows; first and foremost, you must familiarize yourself with the duties and responsibilities of an elementary teacher, secondly, you must know how to become one, and lastly, if you value hard-earned money and the sweat of your hard work, you would want to know how much an elementary teacher earns. I asked a question on the beginning of my introduction to give you a feel and picture of what an elementary teacher goes through everyday. Parents complain and leave all the problems to the teachers to figure out when really, that is not their job. Their job is to make sure that your child receives the best education possible. Not to babysit and try and break their bones teaching them wrong from right. The question on the beginning of the essay creates a conversational tone and will allow readers to search for the answer or read along searching for whether the answer is true or false. U.S Department of Education Secretary, Arne Duncan stated, â€Å"I really believe that teachers are the HEROES of our society. † Being a teacher is not an easy job. Teachers make it look easy but in actuality, teachers are miracle workers. They are able to take care of a classroom full of active curious George’s, and not just anyone can do that. Teachers have many duties and responsibilities. They provide the main source of knowledge for children, ensure that values are being taught well, and create and prepare lesson plans for whatever subject they are teaching whether it be math, English, science, or etc. A teacher knows her students best so they evaluate one’s achievements, abilities, weaknesses, strengths, and challenges them to overcome obstacles that are hindering them. They prepare students for standardized tests and most especially, for future grade levels. Besides in-class teaching, they spend over 20 hours outside of class grading papers, organizing extracurricular activities, and worrying about their students. Remember that being an elementary teacher is not the same as being a regular teacher. Dealing with children is much harder than dealing with teens and young adults because children are not accustomed to the English language and their minds are not as focused as older students. Teachers, other than parents, are people you can turn to when all else fails and the world seems like a dreadful place. Now that you are familiar with the duties and responsibilities of an elementary teacher, you are now wondering how to become one. The steps and procedures needed to achieve this goal. Depending on what school you are applying to and whether it is a private or public school, the process differs. Most if not all schools requires at least a bachelor’s degree in elementary education, a state-issued certification or license, and other required trainings and tests. Some private schools do not require a bachelor’s degree or certifications but they do evaluate your experiences. Because you are working with young children, you must know how to adapt your teaching methods to the students’ levels. You are going to come across students who are not as fortunate as others, students that are slower or faster than others, students that are different colored than the others, and just some students that are much more active than the others, but it is your job to adapt and learn how to deal with whatever situation you are in. You must have great communication skills, patience, instructional skills, and creativity. Like I have mentioned earlier, requirements on how to become a teacher depends on what school you are applying for and whether it is a private or public school. It is always best to do some research on the specific school you desire. Lastly, with all the steps and procedures to become an elementary teacher, how much they actually make is the sad part. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers, statistics states that The median annual wage of elementary school teachers was $51,660. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $34,390, and the top 10 percent earned more than $80,140. Public school teachers make an average of $50,000-$70,000 annually. Private school teachers make an average of $50,000-$60,000 annually. Thus implying that public school teachers makes more than private school teachers because private school teachers’ salaries depends on how many students are enrolled and tuition fees whereas, public school teachers’ salaries depends on certifications and degrees. The higher your degree is the higher your pay is raised. Despite how much the average teacher makes, many people, especially teachers, feel they are underpaid. They work more than 50 hours a week, sometimes works on the weekends, and spends most of their time doing unpaid tasks at home. Many teachers quit their jobs in 5 years because of the low paid salaries. In conclusion, despite the low paid salaries and take home work teachers deal with, it takes a true hero to care for someone else is child and guide and teach them the basics of education. They spend most if not all of their time at home grading papers, worrying about their students, and finding different ways and techniques to help a child in need. They are the eyes, the ears, and the brains of students. Without them, education would not be possible. They deal with different types of students that go crazy because someone just stole their pencil, or she broke a nail, or he is going on a vacation with grandma, or her birthday is coming up. They have these special powers that can tell when something bad is happening, or something is wrong, or something just does not feel right. Most teachers do what they do not for how much they make or the credibility but for their students and because they care. I was raised by a teacher and living with her and seeing first hand how hard it takes to be a teacher and how all she wants is to see her students succeed is one of the best rewards anyone can ever receive. I have used the technique â€Å"summarize† for my conclusion to recap and restate the main points of my essay. In doing so, it allows readers to go through what they read but in one whole summary. We do have heroes in the world, after all. Source list: http://www. kimskorner4teachertalk. com/writing/sixtrait/organization/conclusions. html http://www. campusexplorer. com/careers/DE17C02B/elementary-school-teachers/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers, on the Internet at http://www. bls. gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/kindergarten-and-elementary-school-teachers. htm.

How to Make a Yeast and Peroxide Chemical Volcano

Heres how to make a safe and easy chemical volcano using two common, inexpensive household ingredients. What You Need Quick-rising yeastHydrogen peroxide (brown bottle found in pharmacies and grocery stores)Small bottleMeasuring cups (optional)Paper or clay cone (optional) Here's How You pour the hydrogen peroxide into a small bottle. If you like, you can build a model volcano shape around the bottle using clay or a paper cone.When you are ready for the eruption, add a packet of quick rise yeast to the bottle. Stir in the yeast or swirl it around the container. Watch your volcano foam and fizz! If youre seeking more exact measurements, try a half cup of hydrogen peroxide with 1/2 tablespoon of yeast.

The Effects of Child Abuse - 596 Words

Child abuse is more than just hurtful and physical contact. It is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse is noticeable there are many other types of abuse that kids may be experiencing such as physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse , and neglecting . Although some of these May be very different from the others they all have one thing in common; they will all leave a long lasting scar. Child abuse is something that should be tried to be prevented at all times. It seems that even though the government tried to brake the habit of adults betting children by making it illegal is is still happening at all times. Every 3 out of 5 kids in American are experiencing some type abuse and need help immediately .Child abuse neglecting may lead to choices you cant take back . According to the child protective agencies services ( the CPS CSA ) in a yearly federal report the a unworldly wide rate has gone up. Neglecting has been the most common , having a rate of 78.3% , physical abuse is 17.6%, sexual abuse at 9.2% and physiological is at 8.1 %. Physical abuse is aggression physically injuries directed by an adult. Often this type of abuse is confused with child discipline. Many bruises and broken bones have merely passed by the eyes of tha law as accidents, disobedient children and/or discipline. Most kids dont say anything but you may noticed that they are screaming for help, even though they might not say it verbally you may see all the signs andShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Its Effects On The Child1110 Words   |  5 Pages2012, state child protective agencies received approximately 3.4 million referrals, involving an estimated 6.3 million children, alleging abuse or neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Based on investigations, states reported that an estimated 678,810 unique children were victims of abuse or neglect in 2012, resulting in a national victimization rate of 9.2 per 1,000 children per the population (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Child abuse can have lastingRead MoreEffects of Child Abuse658 Words   |  3 PagesChild abuse Child abuse has gone down in recent years. There is a statistic that says in 2012 that 1 in every 100 children was abused in the U.S (Iannelli,). Child abuse isn’t only physical it could be emotional or neglect. Another thing about child abuse is that it could affect the child’s academics. Because of all the stress that they endure carries on into their school life. A lot of people who have been abused as a child it usually doesn’t stop affecting them as kids it usually carries on intoRead MoreChild Abuse Effects1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe consequences of child abuse can be devastating. For over 30 years clinicians have described the effects of child abuse and neglect on the physical, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral development of children. Studies show that most child abuse is usually liked with domestic violence. The consequences of child abuse are: ââ€"  Physical consequences range from minor injuries, to severe brain damage and even death. ââ€"  Psychological consequences range from chronic low self-esteem to severe dissociativeRead MoreThe Effects Of Abuse And Child Abuse2622 Words   |  11 Pagessquad, after finding three young children dead in their bed after their mother had killed them. (Qtd. In Juettner 12). Abuse doesn’t just affect children, it affects adults too. While many cases of abuse are reported, there are still many that go unreported. Abuse and child abuse is not something to be taken lightly, even after the abuse has been stopped there are long lasting effects. 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While, many people are correct in thinking of physical abuse, an â€Å"Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)† study done by the CDC shows that although physical abuse is the leading form of child abuse, emotional or psychological abuse is the second leading form of child abuse (2014). AlthoughRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However, there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian Hacking) . They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents of abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abuse include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were neglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9.2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several others abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because there is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse as an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Society1342 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse. How does one decide what constitutes abuse? Is there a thin line between abuse and discipline? We often hear the horrific stories of child abuse in our communities, but are we as a society so used to hearing these stories that we have become desensitized to them? Child abuse is a prevalent thing in communities and often time the victims are suffering in silence. We, as a society, have a bad habit of â€Å"turning our heads the other way† or â€Å"not wanting to get involved.† The mentality of

Verbal and Nonverbal Interpersonal Communication - 869 Words

Verbal and non-verbal Interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication is the form of communication that exists between two people; it is a universal kind of communication. It includes the daily exchange that may be formal in nature or informal. Interpersonal communication is manifest in verbal or non-verbal form. The non-verbal can assume the form of expression, gestures and postures (MBA Knowledge base, 2011). Interpersonal communication, be it verbal or non-verbal, involves dissemination and reception of objective message or information between two or more people/groups with an aim of getting the desired effect on the receiving individual or groups (Ally Bacon, 1999). In the interpersonal communication, there are channels of transmission involved. These are the modes or the medium that the sender chooses to use to disseminate his message to the receiver. Via these channels, the sender can effectively convey intended message to the targeted receiver only when and if they understand emotional intelligence (EI) of the group/person or the target groups. The channels of communication from the sender to the receiver can briefly be classified as direct and indirect means. Of interest here is the direct means as below; Direct means/channels; these are the open and obvious mediums that the sender can easily manipulate to ease the understanding of the receiver of the message. These types can be controlled by the sender for instance the (a). Oral/verbal whichShow MoreRelatedNonverbal Communication And The Classroom902 Words   |  4 PagesTOPIC 1: Nonverbal communication in the classroom Communication is the ongoing exchange of messages that enables us to share our knowledge, attitudes, opinions and skills with one another (Miller, 1988). This process is composed of two dimensions – verbal and nonverbal . While is it undeniable that both the verbal and the nonverbal dimension are inseparable, research emphasises the dominance of the nonverbal message (cf., Argyle, 1975; Hall, 1966; Harrison Crouch, 1975; Knapp, 1978, cited in SmithRead MoreCharacteristics Of Interpersonal Communication810 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristic of interpersonal communication. In the movie You’ve Got Mail, it tells a story of two bookstore owners who were enemies. But when they anonymously met online, they fell in love with each other. The movie You’ve Got Mail portrays interpersonal relationship. Interpersonal relationships are between two or more people. Through out the paper, there are five different interpersonal relationships, for example, identity, emotions, n onverbal communication, listening and communication. The firstRead MoreNonverbal Communication And Interpersonal Communication1510 Words   |  7 Pagescharacterized in The Interpersonal Communication Book (thirteenth ed.) by J.A. 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Albert Mehrabin is a UCLA Professor who developed aRead MoreEffective Communication Is Vital for Sucees in Professional, Corporate, and Academic Environments579 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication skills are vital to success in professional, corporate, and academic environments. We are evaluated daily on our ability to communicate efficiently in interactions that take place at work, as well as in our personal lives. According to Faye and Jerry Wisner, communication is the process by which we verbally or nonverbally convey a message to another person or a group of people in a way that can be received and understood. The two types of communication found to be most effectiveRead MoreThe Psychological Study Of Non Verbal Communication1447 Words   |  6 PagesStudy of Non-Verbal Communication Jonathan D. Benton Columbia College of Missouri Student References used will be listed throughout the paper as well as listed at the end. Abstract In this paper we will be discussing the ideas involved with non-verbal communication as it pertains to the human species and also how it is perceived by others or completely over looked. We will discuss how non-verbal communication has changed throughout history. The study of Non-verbal communication has been aroundRead MoreThe Significant Principles of Management Communications2466 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Research Paper: The Significant Principles of Management Communications Mia A. Rapier BUS 600: Management Communication with Technology Tools Instructor Cheryl Moore July 27, 2014 It’s been understood that â€Å"communication in business involves a complex set of unwritten rules governing speech, written correspondence and body language that varies in different parts of the world† (Ingram, 2014). Communication is the essential component of business, â€Å"from the entry-level manager to theRead MoreAn Intelligence Officer For The Australian Army1261 Words   |  6 Pagesbattlespace (Defence, 2016). As an Intelligence Officer for the Army, virtually all forms of communication are utilised. This includes logical fallacies, mediated communication, mass communication, bureaucracy, workplace hierarchy and formal vs. informal workplace communication. There are, however, three crucial forms utilised. These are, inter-personal, general non-verbal, and inter-cultural communication. Utilising these abilities ensures that an Intelligence Officer will always be able to communicateRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1148 Words   |  5 Pageseffective interpersonal communication. In this paper, principles of communication will be discussed and a personal experience will be given to relate into those principles. The Blocks of Communication The building blocks of communication vary in various principles. Those principles are called verbal messages, nonverbal communication, emotions and emotional messages, and the principles of conversation. Each of the principles engages in specific speciality for an effective interpersonal communication. CommunicationRead MoreThe Importance of Non-Verbal Communication929 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Non-verbal communication has been a major factor contributing towards our day to day lives. In terms of design and workplace as well as cultural variations non-verbal communication plays an important role in these places. It includes the usage of the human’s subconscious mind to construct a series of facial expressions, hand gestures as well as the usage of the human’s vocal tones which indeed causes a form of effective communication if used in the right manner. For example, when parents

The Likeliness of Being Different Free Essays

Based on every class, every story, and every essay I’ve sat through learning or writing about Human Development, I don’t think I can fit the term into the simple definition that it is the unfolding of the human potential in each person’s unique environment. It just feels like so much more. Among the many things that have been engraved in my mind about the subject, the idea that everything is due to our genes and environment fascinates me the most. We will write a custom essay sample on The Likeliness of Being Different or any similar topic only for you Order Now Development starts at conception, and because of that everything that happens in during our lifetime is a contribution to our development as human beings. Frances Klagsbrun’s article â€Å"Long-Term Marriages† tries to explains the secrets being long lasting marriages. The article resembles our first assignment where we had to go out and interview couples about their marriage recipe. Klagsbrun clearly writes from a North American point of view. She divides the â€Å"secrets† into eight categories: an ability to change and tolerate change, an ability to live with the unchangeable, an assumption of permanence, trust, a balance of dependencies, an enjoyment of each other, a shared history that is cherished, and luck. If we compare said article to Nicholas D. Kristof’s â€Å"Who Needs Love! In Japan, Many Couple Don’t,† we can see how these secrets are relevant to just one certain culture, or certain types of people. Japanese marriages, as one of the interviewee said aren’t made out of love: â€Å"Love marriages are more fragile than arranged marriages. † The article shows how wives a ren’t told ‘I love you’ or complimented for a good dinner, or shown any affection, and they aren’t happy. Instead, Japanese marriages, are long lasting, not because of the categories Klagsbrun told us about, but because divorce is looked down upon, and Japanese people don’t want to be gossiped about. These two articles show how marriage does have a common universal goal. Marriages want to last â€Å"forever. † But, the recipe on how to make that delicious long last marriage varies from culture to culture. f In â€Å"Relationships,† a chapter of Human Aging, the authors discussed how friendships work across cohorts. People with friends, regardless of their age, have more social support and, as a result seem to enjoy better health and lower mortality rates. The article stresses how different genders deal with friendships. Women tend to develop a more sentimental attachment to friends, while men depend on friends to be active with. One interesting thing about people is that the number of friends they have stays relatively stable throughout their lifetime. If they had a lot of close friends in their young adult days, then they will tend to have a large amount of close friends, as they grow older; if they had a few close friends in their young adult days, then they will more than likely have a few close friends as older adults. One of the things that differ between older people and younger people is the number of people in their lives. Older people reduce the number of people in their lives who do not provide emotional closeness and focus more on those who do. Younger people don’t focus on people who offer that kind of reward, and that is a difference among cohorts. However, some things stay the same even across cohorts: Both younger and older friends maintain a strong emotional attachment. Younger and older friends trust and understand one another. These aspects of friendship always seem to be present and are found in cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. It seems to me, that as we develop, we realize that some of the â€Å"friends† we have aren’t necessary. They don’t offer us anything, and when I say, â€Å"offer† I don’t mean gifts and trips, I mean those other sentimental things like confidence, love, life experience, etc. As we age, we realize that it’s necessary to cut those people who aren’t benefiting our lives, and keep those who do, in. Those who we chose to keep in our lives help us achieve our human potential, hopefully. As a society, we seem to be easily impressed with high I. Q. In his article â€Å"What’s Your Emotional I. Q.? † Daniel Goleman tells the story of a bus driver who was very cheerful and good at his job. He engaged with riders by greeting them with a happy smile. Then he switched over to a story of a straight A Florida High School student who really wanted to go to Harvard Medical School. Once he got an 80 on a quiz, and his reaction was to stab his teacher. The article suggests that I. Q. doesn’t determine all of the success waiting in someone’s future, just about 20 percent. As a North American society, what help us achieve our human potential are other things like self-awareness, mood management, self-motivation, impulse control, and people skills. Like we learned in class – these types of test tell us how someone performs on a test. A longitudinal study was made with children from the 1960s to test their self-motivation. The study tested preschool children with a marshmallow. They were told right before being given the marshmallow that, if they waited for the experimenter to come back, they’d get 2 marshmallows. Some kids settled for the quick one-marshmallow while some waited for the experimenter to come back, to get two. Some of the kids closed their eyes to keep themselves from being tempted into eating the marshmallow. When these children became adolescents, the same characteristics were seen in them. The ones who had waited for the experimenter to come back were more socially competent and self-assertive and better able to cope with life’s frustrations, while the others who hadn’t waited were more likely to be stubborn and stressed. In the end, this article explains that I. Q. isn’t what’s important, but rather the emotional intelligence that helps us achieve our maximum human potential. Lou Ann Walker’s â€Å"We Can Control How We Age,† presents three projects that were started in the 1920s and followed throughout a lifetime. There were different types of people involved, of different ages and from different places in North America. There were a total of 824 men and women. The study divided the individuals who were now between the ages of 60 and 80 into two categories, the â€Å"Happy-Well† and the â€Å"Sad-Sick. † This was one of the most interesting articles I read. The study interviewed and studied these people from different cultures and age groups, and regions, and gender to see how they had lived their life and how they controlled how they aged. The study did come up with a list of successful strategies that worked across cultures and various differences. An example was how people who stopped smoking before 50, lived longer, and those who were in happy marriages, and healthy and optimistic. All of those factors contributed to a long life, full of health. Despite the differences in culture or cohort, it was the similar life choices that led the people in the study to age well. Lastly, I looked at â€Å"How different religions pay their final respects† by William J. Whalen. This article goes to show that we are so different even though we all go through similar events. Our cultures influence our lives and who we become as people, and how we depart from the world, as well. The article looked at ifferent religions like Judaism, Christianity, Parsi, Mormons, Muslims and even Atheists to see different ways they say goodbye to the dead. Many religions prohibit embalming or cremation, or simpler things like music at funerals. I decided to end with this article because it’s the end. I always think about what my funeral will be li ke. I’m an Evangelical Christian since birth, but I’m not an active member of the church at the moment. Funerals follow the religion of the person who died and say a lot about who that person was. Burying the dead is a common event, but it’s done in many different ways depending on our culture. It’s interesting how we all, as human beings, tend to go through the same things. There are events that are involved in all cultures like marriage, births, deaths, and rites of passage. There are certain relationships that develop like friends and marriages. There’s work involved. There’s aging. And emotions are all among these events and relationships. But how we get to these events and how we develop these friendships vary so widely. There’s no right way or wrong way of living life, I think, but in the end, it really is about achieving that goal of being the best you you can be, the ultimate human potential. How to cite The Likeliness of Being Different, Papers

Professional Engineering Practice-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Develop a business plan for a Company (Electrical or Civil Engineering Consulting, or Contractor or Tech firm etc) for a company that you will create. The plan is to include: Overview of Your Business Create a Name and briefly describe your business, include your vision and values, the service or product, your target market and the key issues that will give you a competitive advantage. Role in Society What role will your company have in society how will it make a difference? What will the engineers do in the business? Name 2 laws the engineering business be required to practice/construct under and how will you ensure these are adhered too as part of quality assurance? Why are these relevant to your company? Answer: Introduction Creating a firm takes a lot of planning before it is ready to be operated. New ideas should be started with passion and everyone else associated with the idea should feel the same. There are always some key factors that should be kept in mind. One should go phase by phase creating the firm. Ideally, naming a company is one of the difficult tasks as it stays with the company forever. After the name, the values, the vision of the company should be aligned. Defining the target market and the target customers would be next. The competitors should always be known and the count of the customer should be predicted. Keeping some laws for the company is definitely recommended. The company Tekhno Rail is a company which will provide batteries for the electric trains.(nextavenue, 2018). Overview of Business Tekhno Rail will be the new electrical firm which will work on making the batteries for electric trains. It will create batteries with the use of electrical engineering concepts and knowledge. Its target customers will be those who will be looking forward to their need for the batteries for electric trains. For example companies like Viva Rail can be its potential customer. The vision of the company is to become the largest revenue generating organization by 2022(Akeem, Alani, Agwu, 2016). Tekhno Rails vision is to become the best competitor of such large firms that are already there in the market. Within the span of 4-5 years, this company aims to grow in terms of technology its working on and also in terms of the values it has. The values of the company would be: To undertake fair activities and to become good citizen of the world. To provide clean products and to enhance the quality day by day. To respect the culture of the clients the company will serve. Imbibe a great culture within the employees. To always work on ethical grounds. To seek growth but always in harmony. To develop products with new technologies always. To perform good for a stable growth and look for mutual benefits of all the stakeholders(Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales, 2013). Key Issues that gives competitive advantage are: Low cost: For competitive advantage, there are two sources: cost and differentiation. Strategy of low cost is based on overall leadership cost with the efficiency and cost control. When cost is low, the clients tend to invest more in the company as they are getting the same work done in the low cost. To make difference: Offering something different is a good way of getting the competitive advantage and gain some share in the market. Any company survives the market if it delivers a unique product which the customer, would for sure love to use. Resource to Capability Based: Porters views are based on the competitive advantage, competencies and company capabilities. Now these capabilities initiates in the resources which are a part of the company. There are two perspectives: one is resource based view and the other one is capability based view. The resource based view suggests that a company can only provide advantage when its resources are valuable and irreplaceable. While capability advantage always says that the organizations should be successful in changing the resources to the competitive advantage. Hence, the capability view is much closer in understanding the process as to how organizations develops and maintain competitive advantage(He, 2012). These are some general key factors which can help the organizations to give competitive advantage. Role in Society Any kind of technology being developed is adding at least something to the organization. The CSR is one of the newly emerging fields in research management. It calculates the companys profits and also what will they do with that profit(Rangan, Karim, Chase, 2012). Social responsibility these days is getting much attention than it used to get earlier. Many are the companies which are becoming aware about the social responsibility towards society. Following are the aspects which are key aspects of social responsibility. They are: Social responsibility towards customers: The idea of keeping customers on the first place is not a new one. Customers should always be treated with respect. The responsibility is to provide good value for money to the customers. Responsibility like providing quality products should be durable and safe. Services like prompt response, fair standards, paying attention to the customers complaints comes in social responsibility. Social Responsibility towards employees: Organizations and businesses are the key factors for inducing employment in the world. Employee gets employment because of that. Although, the social responsibility should be more for an organization than hiring people. Employee should have a quality time in any company. A good social responsibility of the company would be creating equal opportunities for every employee, totally regardless of their age, religion and gender. Responsibility towards Community: Any successful company depends on the stability, health and the prosperity of the communities in which it operates. Hence, its the companys social responsibility to keep its image clean(Sharma, 2013). Maintaining these social responsibilities will give the company a very healthy and positive image. The roles and responsibilities of an Electrical Engineer would be: Designing: Electrical Engineer starts the job with the designing of product. They use design software to draw a blueprint with the specifications of the product and calculations too. Developing: Electrical engineer always tests the prototype of the circuit and result for materials and equipment for building the final project. While manufacturing, they have to make sure that the product which is built is meeting its specifications or not. Reaching Clients: Electrical engineers have to frequently interact with others. As they test the product before implementing it, they also have to make sure that the product is made and delivered on time. Hence, to have to come up with the new ideas day after day, they keep on meeting new people and the clients. Being Ethical: Products built by electrical engineers can harm the customers if they are wrongly built or planned. Hence, ethical decisions are necessary to be made by them. Its their duty to take only those projects which they are eligible to handle nicely and they should also inform the customers if they are limited to the knowledge about what the client needs(Alyson, 2018). Laws Two laws which an engineering business should practice are: Contract Laws: All engineering firms work with the clients and every project is bounded to have a contract. Contracts are the basis of the engineering firms and they bind two entities legally. Every organization or business needs to understand these basic laws which eventually protect engineers rights. Also helps in avoiding lawsuits due to any breach of contracts. Laws that affect the Workplace: A business firm should also understand and learn about the laws that may help in impacting the atmosphere the workplace. Laws that are made for health and safety are also necessary in any workplace. These prevent discrimination too and create a healthy ambience for the employees to work in(degree.astate, 2017). To ensure these laws are adhered in the company, a few measures can be taken. Company should keep documenting the policies and contracts that it makes. Appropriate processes should be imbibed. Conduct schedules meeting and discuss regularly about the issues in case of any. Factors which need to be improved should be taken in action and implemented(Manghani, 2011). These laws are relevant to this company as it is an electrical company in which even a single mistake can cause harm to the clients. Hence, managing a good electrical company, one should adhere these laws. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is like an individuals personality. It is a collection of the beliefs, work styles, relationships and values which makes an organization different from the other. Every companys culture is different and enjoyed differently. For the managers of the company, it is a task which they need to enhance and develop. Enhancing the culture brings success to the company too(Leithy, 2017). A culture is developed by three sources: The values and the beliefs that the founder possess. With the help of the learning experiences of the team when the organization evolves gradually. Beliefs and values which are bought by new leaders as they join. Steps for sustaining a quality culture Realizing the need to change: In order to create a culture of quality, company needs to identify the reason for a culture change. Leaders should share their vision for the changes that are required and should come up with the new strategies for them to sustain. Diagnose existing culture: Organizations needs to evaluate the existing culture in the way that the quality is viewed and talked about. Imbibe quality as a way of living: The higher authorities should always demonstrate the commitment that is visible and imbibe it like it is a quality of life. Only top leaders have the power to bring the cultural changes in the company and hence, they should do that carefully. To determine the culture that is desired with the help of vision and strategy. Model all the behaviors desired by leaders. Monitor the process of the desired behavior(Malhi, 2013). Retain, attain and motivate staff It is always argued that even if an organization hires the best people, it doesnt mean that the organization would be successful. Although, attaining, retaining and motivating employee is a part of a good organizations culture. If the employees are satisfied and motivated, the company feels itself as complete and can easily sell itself to the outsiders(Asiedu, 2015). Motivation of employees has always been a challenge for the managers. The employees those are not motivated will always spend less time in the office and will always put fewer efforts in their work. On the other side, employees who are motivated will always put their best in their work and be attentive in office too. To inspire the employees, there is an old fashioned way i.e. carrot and stick approach. In todays world, employees work and expectation of the rewards is what an employee work for and leaders need to understand this. Motivated employees are always striving to succeed no matter what the project is(GANTA, 2014 ). To attract and retain customers Customers are the key factors for driving the business. Attracting and retaining them should be done with all the heart as they come first. Creating a database in which every customer is included can be one thing to be done. Keeping all the knowledge about the customer is helpful. By this company can make them the loyal customers. The best way to keep the customers connected is to deliver high quality products and service and also developing good relationships with them. Awareness of the buyers should be investigated so as to retain the customers. At last a company can stand on the expectations of the customers(Talasenko, 2014). Leadership Management The leadership style Tekhno Rail is going to adopt is the transformational leadership style. It focuses on the growth of the company on the whole. All the stakeholders, employees and the profit too is at the positive side. It helps in changing the heart, soul and mind of the employees in order to make them achieve their goals. All the leaders want their employees to grow by giving them equal opportunities(Nanjundeswaraswamy, 2014). This style will help to motivate the employees and attain good organizations culture. To motivate the employees, here are the five methods: Organization with mission: People should be inspired by giving them a purpose. If they will have goal to achieve, they will get the push to work efficiently. Imbibe personal growth: In case of personal growth, employees are self motivated at times. Recognition: Giving employee recognition for his hard work is the way to keep him motivated. Hear what employees say: Leaders should always listen to the ideas or recommendations an employee gives. This will make them feel like an important part of an organization. Self direct employees: Brainstorming and creativity should be imbibed in the employees. Self direction increases the level of motivation in the employees(Jacoby, 2014). Knowledge and Skill management Knowledge is needed during the inception of the business and at later stages too. Initially it is run by the founder only but as the business grows; more leaders are there to take care of it. The manager of the organization should be generalist and should be able to gain the basic skills and knowledge in order to plan and function efficiently. He should have the overview of the market and its development, the competitions too. The issues that exist should be cleared by the manager itself. Creativity, optimism, goal oriented, self confidence, taking initiative, independent, cautious; these are the abilities a manager should posses. To work step by step with plan of business, will reflect a better understanding of market and organization could find the opportunities and financial analysis(Papulov, 2007). Business Ethics The code of ethics for the engineers always suggests that they should hold the paramount for healthiness and well being, should always think about the communities benefit, and their clients. They should look forward to always solve issues of health and safety too. They should do their duty in ethical way as one small mistake can cause great harm to the clients(Dutta Sengupta, 2014). Ethical Issues An organization always looks forward to its growth and profit. There are many companies that grow it by going unethical in terms of marketing, employee expanse slashing, and lower quality of the product. Ethical Issues that Techno Rail can face is that in case is the quality of the product. Lowering the quality of the products can give profit to the company in terms of buying material but eventually will harm the companys image. In a competitive driven economy, some unethical decisions can be taken unknowingly too. Hence, quality is the first thing that is targeted.(Miksen, 2018). Maori Cultural Concepts Maori culture was and is adopted by the people of New Zealand. The cultural concepts are: Tapu: Sacred or untouchable Mana: Prestige and Authority Utu: Balance exchange In business, these three are the concepts which can use. A good example can be: Customers are considered to be the first in t he business. And if there has been a failure by the organization to respond to the customer, in Maori, it means that it is a loss of prestige or mana. Hence, Mana culture should always be followed by the organization. Similarly, use of Utu is also important and can work in building the image of the company. Utu earlier meant revenge. But later it was changes to the reciprocity which if a competitor creates a problem, the organization can use Utu concept and reciprocate or balance it with its good gestures(Christine, 2010). Conclusion Creating a business can be a challenging task as it is. Creating a name and target customers, products and marketing are some challenges a new bee company can face. This report provides an emphasis on creating the electrical organization with the help of the ethics of the electrical engineers as well as discussing about their knowledge and skills needed to put an organization into a growth section. Leadership management is also discussed as it is a very important part of the business which helps in providing good and motivated employees. Maori concepts which can easily be imbibed into developing organizations are also focused. References Akeem, T. A., Alani, L. F., Agwu, E. M. (2016). Vision and Mission in Organization: Myth or Heuristic Device? The International Journal Of Business Management , 4 (3). Alyson, J. (2018). work.chron. Retrieved February 5, 2018, from work.chron.com: https://work.chron.com/responsibilities-electrical-engineers-17864.html Asiedu, E. (2015). Supportive Organizational Culture and Employee Job Satisfaction:. International Journal of Economics ISSN: 2162-6359 Management Sciences , 4 (7). Christine, J. (2010, September). unilu. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from unilu.ch: https://www.unilu.ch/fileadmin/shared/Publikationen/lai_maori-culture-in-the-modern-world.pdf Degree.astate. (2017, October 17). degree.astate. Retrieved February 5, 2018, from degree.astate.edu: https://degree.astate.edu/articles/engineering/laws-engineers-need-to-know.aspx Dutta, A. B., Sengupta, I. (2014). Engineering and Sustainable Environment. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science , 2 (6). GANTA, V. C. (2014). MOTIVATION IN THE WORKPLACE TO IMPROVE THE. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences , 2 (6). Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., Zingales, L. (2013, September). economics.mit. Retrieved February 5, 2018, from economics.mit.edu: https://economics.mit.edu/files/9721 He, N. (2012). How to Maintain Sustainable Competitive Advantages-----Case Study on. International Journal of Business Administration , 3 (5). Jacoby, M. (2014, September 18). huffingtonpost. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from huffingtonpost.com: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/margaret-jacoby/top-5-ways-to-motivate-yo_b_5839504.html Leithy, W. E. (2017). Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Economics , 6 (4). Malhi, R. S. (2013). Creating and Sustaining: A Quality Culture. Journal of Defense Management . Manghani, K. (2011, January). ncbi.nlm.nih. Retrieved February 5, 2018, from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088954/ Miksen, C. (2018). smallbusiness.chron. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-issues-maximizing-profit-34328.html T. (2014). Leadership styles. Advances In Management , 7 (2). nextavenue. (2018). nextavenue. Retrieved February 5, 2018, from nextavenue.org: https://www.nextavenue.org/4-steps-creating-business-plan-new-firm/ Papulov, Z. (2007). g-casa. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from g-casa.com: https://www.g-casa.com/PDF/Papulova-Mokros.pdf Rangan, K., Karim, S., Chase, L. A. (2012, April 5). hbs. Retrieved February 5, 2018, from hbs.edu: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/12-088.pdf Sharma, Y. (2013). Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Organization. IOSR Journal of Business and Management , 13 (4). Talasenko, K. (2014). theseus. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from theseus.fi: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/83153/Thesis14.pdf?sequence=1